Journal Publications By Year
Prof. Ratnesh Kumar’s research area is, “ESSeNCE: Embedded Software, Sensors, Networks, Cyberphysical, Energy”, spanning Sensors, Data Analytics, Networks, Controls, and Formal Methods for Correctness/Accuracy, Efficiency, Safety, Stability, Security, Resiliency, Diagnosability, and Prognosability, in Cyber-Physical (Hybrid) and Embedded and Real-time Systems, Model-based Software and Web-services, Agri-, Bio- and Envionmental Sensing, Wearables, and Power Grid and Energy Harvesting. For full list of publications, refer Ratnesh Kumar’s CV
Prof. Kumar has published extensively in the areas of ESSeNCE: 374 peer reviewed articles (139 Journal articles, 209 Conference articles, and 12 book-chapters, 1 Textbook, and 13 Patents—9 already awarded, and 5 already licensed by companies).
2024
@article{10551468, author = {Takai, Shigemasa and Kumar, Ratnesh}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control}, title = {Non-existence of Upper Bound to Inferencing Level in Decentralized Discrete Event Control}, year = {2024}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-8}, keywords = {Decentralized control;Sensors;Decision making;Automata;Upper bound;Reviews;Observability;Decentralized supervisory control;discrete event system;inferencing;inference-observability}, doi = {10.1109/TAC.2024.3410832} }
@article{10502316, author = {Adesunkanmi, Rahmat and Kumar, Ratnesh}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering}, title = {Expectation Distance-Based Distributional Clustering for Noise-Robustness}, year = {2024}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-12}, keywords = {Meteorology;Temperature distribution;Costs;Precipitation;Noise;Clustering algorithms;Noise measurement;Clustering algorithms;expectation distance;Wasserstein distance;uncertain data}, doi = {10.1109/TKDE.2024.3386401} }
@article{10399873, author = {AL Ghazo, Alaa T. and Kumar, Ratnesh}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems}, title = {ANDVI: Automated Network Device and Vulnerability Identification in SCADA/ICS by Passive Monitoring}, year = {2024}, volume = {54}, number = {4}, pages = {2539-2550}, keywords = {Databases;Object recognition;Security;TCPIP;Monitoring;SCADA systems;Protocols;Cyber–physical systems (CPSs);device recognition;industrial control systems (ICSs);Internet of Things;Modbus;security;supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) TCP/IP}, doi = {10.1109/TSMC.2023.3345254} }
@article{10210598, author = {Kundu, Souvik and Tabassum, Shawana and Kumar, Ritwesh A. and Abel, E. Dale and Kumar, Ratnesh}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience}, title = {Plasmonic Optical Fiber Based Continuous in-Vivo Glucose Monitoring for ICU/CCU Setup}, year = {2024}, volume = {23}, number = {1}, pages = {157-166}, keywords = {Glucose;Blood;Monitoring;Optical fiber sensors;Nanoparticles;Probes;Optical fibers;Biosensor;glycemia;continuous glucose monitoring;plasmonic;SPR;LSPR}, doi = {10.1109/TNB.2023.3303345} }
@article{10102334, author = {Hossain, Ramij Raja and Kumar, Ratnesh}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Power Systems}, title = {A Distributed-MPC Framework for Voltage Control Under Discrete Time-Wise Variable Generation/Load}, year = {2024}, volume = {39}, number = {1}, pages = {809-820}, keywords = {Voltage control;Reactive power;Power system dynamics;Admittance;Sensitivity;Current measurement;Real-time systems;Distributed control;data-driven estimation;local communication;model predictive control (MPC);voltage control}, doi = {10.1109/TPWRS.2023.3266763} }
2023
Supervisory control and data acquisition/industrial control systems (SCADA/ICSs) networks are becoming more vulnerable to attacks that exploit the interdependence of security weaknesses at the atomic level to compromise system-level security. Attack graphs are an effective approach to depict these complex attack scenarios, assisting security administrators in determining how to best safeguard their systems. However, due to time and financial constraints, it is frequently not possible to address all atomic-level flaws at the same time. In this article, we propose a method for automatically detecting a minimal set of critical attacks that, when defended against, render the system secure. Finding a minimal label cut is typically an NP-complete problem. However, we propose a linear complexity approximation that uses the attack graph’s strongly connected components (SCCs) to create a simplified version of the graph in the form of a tree over the SCCs. Then, we perform an iterative backward search over this tree to find a set of backward-reachable SCCs, as well as their outward edges and labels, in order to find a cut of the tree with the fewest labels, which is a critical attack set. We put our proposed method to the test on real-world case studies, such as IT and SCADA networks for a cyber–physical system for water treatment, and outperformed previous state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of approximation accuracy and/or computational speed. Our solution provides security administrators with a practical and efficient method for prioritizing efforts to address vulnerabilities in SCADA/ICS networks.
@article{ghazo2023attack-identification, author = {Ghazo, Alaa T. Al and Kumar, Ratnesh}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems}, title = {Critical Attacks Set Identification in Attack Graphs for Computer and SCADA/ICS Networks}, year = {2023}, doi = {10.1109/TSMC.2023.3274613}, issn = {2168-2232}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Security} }
This article presents a distributed predictive design for real-time voltage control under changing load and generation profiles at discrete intervals. The existing control designs include centralized approach, providing an optimal solution but less scalable and susceptible to single-point failures/attacks, as well as decentralized or localized approach, having increased scalability and attack resilience but lacking optimality. The proposed distributed solution offers the attractive features of both approaches, where the neighboring nodes share their local information to attain an optimal solution while retaining scalability and resilience to single-point failures/attacks. We first introduce the centralized version of the voltage control problem assuming grid observability and then transfer it to the distributed versions based on both bus-wise and area-wise decompositions of the network. The distributed version is solved via alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) that, for bus-wise decomposition, needs a full set of local measurements, whereas only a partial set of local measurements (that guarantee area-wise grid observability for each area) is needed for area-wise decomposition, along with neighbor-to-neighbor communications. Additionally, leveraging the availability of measurement data, the framework includes a distributed method to estimate the admittance matrix \mathbf Y of the underlying network graph. The proposed framework is validated against IEEE-30, IEEE-57 bus transmission systems, and IEEE-123 bus distribution systems and can tolerate certain levels of generation/load prediction uncertainties, modeling errors, and communication failures; plus, its in-built redundancy supports attack detection.
@article{hossain2023distributed-mpc, author = {Hossain, Ramij Raja and Kumar, Ratnesh}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Power Systems}, title = {A Distributed-MPC Framework for Voltage Control Under Discrete Time-Wise Variable Generation/Load}, year = {2023}, pages = {1-12}, doi = {10.1109/TPWRS.2023.3266763}, issn = {1558-0679}, area = {Energy}, subarea = {Energy Systems} }
Stability certification and identification of a safe and stabilizing initial set are two important concerns in ensuring operational safety, stability, and robustness of dynamical systems. With the advent of machine-learning tools, these issues need to be addressed for the systems with machine-learned components in the feedback loop. To develop a general theory for stability and stabilizability of neural network (NN)-controlled nonlinear systems subject to bounded parametric variations, a Lyapunov-based stability certificate is proposed and is further used to devise a maximal Lipschitz bound for a class of stabilizing NN controllers, and also a corresponding maximal Region of Attraction (RoA) within a user-specified safety set. To compute a robustly stabilizing NN controller that also maximizes the system’s long-run utility, a stability-guaranteed training (SGT) algorithm is proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is validated through an illustrative example.
@article{talukder2023robust-nn, author = {Talukder, Soumyabrata and Kumar, Ratnesh}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems}, title = {Robust Stability of Neural-Network-Controlled Nonlinear Systems With Parametric Variability}, year = {2023}, doi = {10.1109/TSMC.2023.3257269}, issn = {2168-2232}, area = {Energy}, subarea = {Energy Systems} }
@article{hossain2023koopman, author = {Hossain, Ramij Raja and Adesunkanmi, Rahmat and Kumar, Ratnesh}, journal = {IEEE Systems Journal}, title = {Data-Driven Linear Koopman Embedding for Networked Systems: Model-Predictive Grid Control}, year = {2023}, area = {Energy}, subarea = {Energy Systems}, doi = {10.1109/JSYST.2023.3253041} }
@article{hk:realtimempc22, author = {Hossain, Ramij Raja and Kumar, Ratnesh}, journal = {IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica}, title = {Machine Learning Accelerated Real-Time Model Predictive Control for Power Systems}, year = {2023}, volume = {10}, number = {4}, pages = {916-930}, area = {Energy}, subarea = {Energy Systems}, doi = {10.1109/JAS.2023.123135} }
2022
This article studies the prognosis of failure, i.e., its prediction prior to its occurrence, in stochastic discrete event systems. Prior work has focused on the definition and offline verification of m-steps stochastic-prognosability, or S_m-prognosability, which allows the prediction of a fault at least m-steps in advance. This article complements the existing work by proposing an algorithm for the computation of online failure prognoser. The proposed algorithm reduces the condition for issuing an affirmative prognostic decision to verification condition of a safety property of a Markov chain. We discuss how such a verification condition can be computed using a finitely terminating algorithm.
@article{chen2022stochastic, author = {Chen, Jun and Kumar, Ratnesh}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control}, title = {Stochastic Failure Prognosis of Discrete Event Systems}, year = {2022}, volume = {67}, number = {10}, pages = {5487-5492}, doi = {10.1109/TAC.2021.3118670}, issn = {1558-2523}, month = oct, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems, Stochastics}, subsubarea = {Prognosis} }
Triboelectric Nanogenerators (TENG) suitable for mechanical energy harvesting typically have ultra-high open-circuit voltage in several hundreds of volts, challenging the energy extraction circuit (EEC) design required for charging load battery/capacitor. Here, we present a novel multi-shot switched EEC that extracts energy in multiple discrete steps to regulate the TENG voltage below the breakdown limit of the technology (70 V in our case), making it suitable for Integrated Circuit (IC) implementation. The proposed strategy maintains high TENG voltage just below the breakdown limit to offer a high electrostatic retardation, enhancing the work done against it by the mechanical source in the form of transduced electrical energy. Mathematical derivation of the circuit’s output shows a constant transduction power at all load voltages, fully eliminating Maximum Power Point (MPP) Tracking and saving power for the same. The design and simulation of the proposed EEC in TSMC 0.18 μm BCD process achieve a maximum power conversion efficiency of 63.3% and a 1.91x gain over even an ideal conventional Full Wave Rectifier (FWR) circuit at its optimal MPP load (gain will be higher for a real FWR implementation).
@article{pathak2022highvtribo, author = {Pathak, Madhav and Xie, Shuo and Huang, Cheng and Kumar, Ratnesh}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs}, title = {High-Voltage Triboelectric Energy Harvesting Using Multi-Shot Energy Extraction in 70-V BCD Process}, year = {2022}, volume = {69}, number = {5}, pages = {2513-2517}, doi = {10.1109/TCSII.2022.3160676}, issn = {1558-3791}, month = may, area = {Energy}, subarea = {Energy Harvesting} }
@article{talukder2022dynamic, title = {Dynamic Calibration of Nonlinear Sensors with Time-Drifts and Delays by Bayesian Inference}, author = {Talukder, Soumyabrata and Kundu, Souvik and Kumar, Ratnesh}, journal = {arXiv preprint arXiv:2208.13819}, year = {2022} }
@article{bk:multiset22, title = {A novel multi-set differential pulse voltammetry technique for improving precision in electrochemical sensing}, author = {Kashyap, Bhuwan and Kumar, R.}, journal = {Biosensors and Bioelectronics}, year = {2022}, area = {Sensors}, subarea = {Bio-Sensors, Agriculture Sensing}, doi = {10.1016/j.bios.2022.114628} }
Triboelectric Nanogenerator (TENG) is a class of ambient mechanical energy harvesters used to augment the battery life of electronic devices such as sensors in implantables, wearables, and Internet of Things (IoT) applications. In this work, the fundamentals of pre-biasing (pre-charging) the TENG at the start of the operation cycle to enhance the per-cycle extracted energy is presented. The energy gain is mathematically formulated, and the optimum pre-biasing voltage (equivalently charge) is derived by analyzing the energy exchange between the mechanical and the electrical domain over a periodic cycle. Further, a novel Energy Extraction Circuit (EEC) termed as "Pre-biased Synchronous Charge Extraction (pSCE)" is introduced to 1) Realize synchronous pre-biasing of TENG using the load battery itself and 2) Achieve enhanced energy extraction from TENG. Energy output per-cycle is derived analytically for the pSCE circuit and compared to the state of the art Synchronous Charge Extraction (SCE) circuit. The experimental implementation is performed for the proposed pSCE circuit that shows a 6.65 fold gain over the Full Wave Rectifier (standard EEC) and 1.45 over the SCE circuit for a 5V battery load.
@article{pathak2022triboelectric, author = {Pathak, Madhav and Kumar, Ratnesh}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics}, title = {Synchronous Pre-biasing of Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Enhanced Energy Extraction}, year = {2022}, pages = {1-1}, doi = {10.1109/TPEL.2022.3169733}, issn = {1941-0107}, area = {Energy}, subarea = {Energy Harvesting} }
Prompt online detection of anomalies induced by malicious attacks enhances the efficacy of real-time operation and mitigation of attack, an indispensable part of any cyber-physical system (CPS) management. This article proposes a novel online rapid detection scheme that continuously monitors the data packet stream and infers the sequence of probability distributions, estimated as histograms, and alerts when a change in the histogram is detected, reporting both the attack as well as an estimate of its instant of commencement. A statistical data-driven attack model is proposed and employed that is general enough to represent two ubiquitous types of attacks on CPS: 1) replay and 2) bias-injection. The proposed detection framework relies on the fact that CPSs possess well-defined dynamics that are affected by quasistationary noise, which allows the histogram sequences of the system data packets to converge (to different distributions under the presence of the attack versus the absence of attack). The proposed online scheme detects an attack, and estimates the attack commencement time by relying on the computed distance between real-time estimated histogram versus apriori learned nominal histogram. Our formulation further sheds light on two different attack initiation-time-based subcases, “early” (attack starts before sufficient data of nominal behavior was collected to allow its histogram sequence to be closer to its nominal value) versus “late.” The designed algorithm of our scheme has linear time complexities in the dimension of data packets and algorithm parameters, which makes it suited for rapid detection. The proposed algorithm is implemented and validated on two real supervisory control and data acquisition system datasets, where a low detection delay demonstrates the effectiveness of the scheme.
@article{kumar2022recursive, author = {Kumar, Ratnesh and Hossain, Ramij Raja and Talukder, Soumyabrata and Jena, Amit and Ghazo, Alaa T. Al}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems}, title = {Recursive Histogram Tracking-Based Rapid Online Anomaly Detection in Cyber-Physical Systems}, year = {2022}, pages = {1-11}, doi = {10.1109/TSMC.2022.3150304}, issn = {2168-2232}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Security} }
Triboelectric Nanogenerators (TENGs) are suitable for harvesting ambient mechanical energy to increase the battery life of Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Energy Extraction Circuits (EECs) are required as an interface between TENG and the onboard battery load to rectify and improve the energy transfer efficiency. Here, for the first time, a novel ‘Self-propelled Pre-biased Synchronous Charge Extraction (spSCE)’ EEC is presented with theoretical analysis as well as experimental results. The proposed EEC offers a universal plug-and-play solution for any TENG operating under any ambient vibration, owing to its self-propelled switching feature. In addition, its inbuilt pre-biasing (pre-charging of TENG capacitor at the operation extremes) action enhances the net transduced energy from the mechanical source beyond the per-cycle energy limit for any non-pre-biasing EEC set by the existing Synchronous Charge Extraction (SCE) circuit. Accounting for the energy costs of spSCE actions, our experiments validated 119.7% (respectively, 163.7%) energy gain over the SCE circuit at a load of 5V (respectively, 15V).
@article{pathak2022self-propelled, author = {Pathak, Madhav and Kumar, Ratnesh}, journal = {IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics}, title = {Self-propelled Pre-biased Synchronous Charge Extraction Circuit for Triboelectric Nanogenerator}, year = {2022}, pages = {1-1}, doi = {10.1109/JESTPE.2022.3158347}, issn = {2168-6785}, area = {Energy}, subarea = {Energy Harvesting} }
2021
@article{kashyap2021field-deployable, doi = {10.1109/jsen.2021.3113303}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2021.3113303}, year = {2021}, month = nov, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {21}, number = {21}, pages = {24820--24828}, author = {Kashyap, Bhuwan and Kumar, Ratnesh}, title = {A Plug-and-Play Type Field-Deployable Bio-Agent-Free Salicylic Acid Sensing System}, journal = {IEEE Sensors Journal}, area = {Sensors}, subarea = {Agriculture Sensing} }
@article{kundu2021point-of-care, doi = {10.1109/jsen.2021.3088117}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2021.3088117}, year = {2021}, month = sep, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {21}, number = {17}, pages = {18837--18846}, author = {Kundu, Souvik and Tabassum, Shawana and Kumar, Ratnesh}, title = {Plasmonic Point-of-Care Device for Sepsis Biomarker Detection}, journal = {IEEE Sensors Journal}, area = {Sensors}, subarea = {Bio-Sensors} }
@article{tabassum2021complex-coated, doi = {10.1109/jsen.2021.3057619}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2021.3057619}, year = {2021}, month = aug, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {21}, number = {16}, pages = {17420--17429}, author = {Tabassum, Shawana and Kumar, Divyesh P. and Kumar, Ratnesh}, title = {Copper Complex-Coated Nanopatterned Fiber-Tip Guided Mode Resonance Device for Selective Detection of Ethylene}, journal = {IEEE Sensors Journal}, area = {Sensors}, subarea = {Agriculture Sensing} }
@article{basu2021mu-calculus, doi = {10.1109/jas.2021.1003964}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/jas.2021.1003964}, year = {2021}, month = may, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {8}, number = {5}, pages = {953--970}, author = {Basu, Samik and Kumar, Ratnesh}, title = {Control of Non-Deterministic Systems With $\mu$-Calculus Specifications Using Quotienting}, journal = {IEEE/{CAA} Journal of Automatica Sinica}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Temporal Logic} }
@article{kashyap2021methodologies, doi = {10.3390/inventions6020029}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions6020029}, year = {2021}, month = apr, publisher = {{MDPI} {AG}}, volume = {6}, number = {2}, pages = {29}, author = {Kashyap, Bhuwan and Kumar, Ratnesh}, title = {Sensing Methodologies in Agriculture for Monitoring Biotic Stress in Plants Due to Pathogens and Pests}, journal = {Inventions}, area = {Sensors}, subarea = {Agriculture Sensing} }
@article{kumar2021intelligence, doi = {10.1109/tsmc.2021.3060327}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2021.3060327}, year = {2021}, month = apr, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {51}, number = {4}, pages = {2036--2040}, author = {Kumar, Ratnesh and Strasser, Thomas I. and Deconinck, Geert and Lai, Chun Sing and Lai, Loi Lei}, title = {Special Issue on Recent Advances for Intelligence in Power and Energy Systems}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems}, area = {Energy}, subarea = {Energy Systems} }
@article{talukder2021powercyberphysical, doi = {10.1109/tsmc.2020.3018706}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2020.3018706}, year = {2021}, month = apr, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {51}, number = {4}, pages = {2159--2172}, author = {Talukder, Soumyabrata and Ibrahim, Mariam and Kumar, Ratnesh}, title = {Resilience Indices for Power/Cyberphysical Systems}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems, Energy}, subarea = {Resilience, Energy Systems} }
@article{bhar2021agriculture, doi = {10.3390/inventions6020025}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions6020025}, year = {2021}, month = mar, publisher = {{MDPI} {AG}}, volume = {6}, number = {2}, pages = {25}, author = {Bhar, Anupam and Feddersen, Benjamin and Malone, Robert and Kumar, Ratnesh}, title = {Agriculture Model Comparison Framework and {MyGeoHub} Hosting: Case of Soil Nitrogen}, journal = {Inventions}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Agriculture Systems} }
@article{sahota2021localization, doi = {10.3390/inventions6010016}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions6010016}, year = {2021}, month = feb, publisher = {{MDPI} {AG}}, volume = {6}, number = {1}, pages = {16}, author = {Sahota, Herman and Kumar, Ratnesh}, title = {Sensor Localization Using Time of Arrival Measurements in a Multi-Media and Multi-Path Application of In-Situ Wireless Soil Sensing}, journal = {Inventions}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems, Networks}, subarea = {Agriculture Systems} }
Development and deployment of sensing technologies is one of the main steps in achieving sustainability in crop production through precision agriculture. Key sensing methodologies developed for monitoring soil moisture and nutrients with recent advances in the sensing devices reported in literature using those techniques are overviewed in this article. The soil moisture determination has been divided into four main sections describing soil moisture measurement metrics and laboratory-based testing, followed by in-situ, remote and proximal sensing techniques. The application, advantages and limitations for each of the mentioned technologies are discussed. The nutrient monitoring methods are reviewed beginning with laboratory-based methods, ion-selective membrane based sensors, bio-sensors, spectroscopy-based methods, and capillary electrophoresis-based systems for inorganic ion detection. Attention has been given to the core principle of detection while reporting recent sensors developed using the mentioned concepts. The latest works reported on the different sensing methodologies point towards the trend of developing low-cost, easy to use, field-deployable or portable sensing systems aimed towards improving technology adoption in crop production leading to efficient site-specific soil and crop management which in turn will bring us closer to reaching sustainability in the practice of agriculture.
@article{kashyap2021nutrient-monitoring, author = {Kashyap, Bhuwan and Kumar, Ratnesh}, journal = {IEEE Access}, title = {Sensing Methodologies in Agriculture for Soil Moisture and Nutrient Monitoring}, year = {2021}, volume = {9}, pages = {14095-14121}, doi = {10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3052478}, issn = {2169-3536}, area = {Sensors}, subarea = {Agriculture Sensing} }
This paper studies the prognosis of failure, i.e., its prediction prior to its occurrence, in stochastic discrete event systems. Prior work has focused on the definition and offline verification of m-steps Stochastic-Prognosability, or Sm-Prognosability, which allows the prediction of a fault at least m-steps in advance. This paper complements the existing work by proposing an algorithm for the computation of online failure prognoser. The proposed algorithm reduces the condition for issuing an affirmative prognostic decision to verification condition of a safety property of a Markov chain. We discuss how such a verification condition can be computed using a finitely terminating algorithm.
@article{chen2021stochastic, author = {Chen, Jun and Kumar, Ratnesh}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control}, title = {Stochastic Failure Prognosis of Discrete Event Systems}, year = {2021}, pages = {1-1}, doi = {10.1109/TAC.2021.3118670}, issn = {1558-2523}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems, Stochastics}, subsubarea = {Prognosis} }
@article{pathak2021triboelectric, doi = {10.1109/access.2021.3082499}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3082499}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {9}, pages = {76938--76954}, author = {Pathak, Madhav and Kumar, Ratnesh}, title = {Synchronous Inductor Switched Energy Extraction Circuits for Triboelectric Nanogenerator}, journal = {IEEE Access}, area = {Energy}, subarea = {Energy Harvesting} }
2020
@article{wisniewski2020discrete-event, doi = {10.1109/tsmc.2020.3020588}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2020.3020588}, year = {2020}, month = oct, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {50}, number = {10}, pages = {3484--3487}, author = {Wisniewski, Remigiusz and Zhou, Mengchu and Gomes, Luis and Fanti, Maria Pia and Kumar, Ratnesh}, title = {Special Issue on Recent Advances in Petri Nets, Automata, and Discrete-Event Hybrid Systems}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems} }
@article{ghazo2020visualization, doi = {10.1109/tsmc.2019.2915940}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2019.2915940}, year = {2020}, month = oct, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {50}, number = {10}, pages = {3488--3498}, author = {Ghazo, Alaa T. Al and Ibrahim, Mariam and Ren, Hao and Kumar, Ratnesh}, title = {A2G2V: Automatic Attack Graph Generation and Visualization and Its Applications to Computer and {SCADA} Networks}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Security} }
@article{kundu2020pathogenesis, doi = {10.1002/mds3.10089}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/mds3.10089}, year = {2020}, month = jun, publisher = {Wiley}, volume = {3}, number = {4}, author = {Kundu, Souvik and Tabassum, Shawana and Kumar, Ratnesh}, title = {A perspective on sepsis pathogenesis, biomarkers and diagnosis: A concise survey}, journal = {{Med Devices Sens} {DEVICES} {\&} {SENSORS}}, area = {Sensors}, subarea = {Bio-Sensors} }
@article{bhar2020agricultural, doi = {10.1016/j.compag.2020.105353}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2020.105353}, year = {2020}, month = may, publisher = {Elsevier {BV}}, volume = {172}, pages = {105353}, author = {Bhar, Anupam and Kumar, Ratnesh and Qi, Zhiming and Malone, Robert}, title = {Coordinate descent based agricultural model calibration and optimized input management}, journal = {Computers and Electronics in Agriculture}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Agriculture Systems} }
@article{tabassum2020advances, title = {Advances in Fiber-Optic Technology for Point-of-Care Diagnosis and In Vivo Biosensing}, author = {Tabassum, Shawana and Kumar, Ratnesh}, journal = {Advanced Materials Technologies}, volume = {5}, number = {5}, pages = {1900792}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Wiley Online Library}, doi = {10.1002/admt.201900792}, area = {Sensors}, subarea = {Bio-Sensors} }
2015-2019
@article{kashyap2019ultra-precision, doi = {10.1109/jsen.2019.2925788}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2019.2925788}, year = {2019}, month = oct, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {19}, number = {20}, pages = {9468--9478}, author = {Kashyap, Bhuwan and Sestok, Charles K. and Dabak, Anand G. and Ramaswamy, Srinath and Kumar, Ratnesh}, title = {Ultra-Precision Liquid Level Sensing Using Impedance Spectroscopy and Data Analytics}, journal = {IEEE Sensors Journal}, area = {Sensors}, subarea = {Agriculture Sensing} }
@article{kumar2019polynomial-time, doi = {10.1109/tase.2019.2923903}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2019.2923903}, year = {2019}, month = oct, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {16}, number = {4}, pages = {1988--1989}, author = {Kumar, Ratnesh and Takai, Shigemasa}, title = {Comments on "Predictability of Failure Event Occurrences in Decentralized Discrete-Event Systems and Polynomial-Time Verification"}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems}, subsubarea = {Prognosis} }
@article{ren2019simulation-based, doi = {10.1049/iet-cps.2018.5017}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-cps.2018.5017}, year = {2019}, month = mar, publisher = {Institution of Engineering and Technology ({IET})}, volume = {4}, number = {3}, pages = {250--258}, author = {Ren, Hao and Kumar, Ratnesh}, title = {Simulation-based verification of bounded-horizon safety for hybrid systems using dynamic number of simulations}, journal = {IET Cyber-Physical Systems: Theory {\&} Applications}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Verification} }
@article{singh2018cantilever-based, doi = {10.1109/tuffc.2018.2864998}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/tuffc.2018.2864998}, year = {2018}, month = nov, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {65}, number = {11}, pages = {2184--2194}, author = {Singh, Kanishka Aman and Pathak, Madhav and Weber, Robert J. and Kumar, Ratnesh}, title = {A Self-Propelled Mechanism to Increase Range of Bistable Operation of a Piezoelectric Cantilever-Based Vibration Energy Harvester}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control}, area = {Energy}, subarea = {Energy Harvesting} }
@article{tabassum2018determination, doi = {10.1364/oe.26.006331}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.26.006331}, year = {2018}, month = mar, publisher = {The Optical Society}, volume = {26}, number = {5}, pages = {6331}, author = {Tabassum, Shawana and Dong, Liang and Kumar, Ratnesh}, title = {Determination of dynamic variations in the optical properties of graphene oxide in response to gas exposure based on thin-film interference}, journal = {Opt. Express}, area = {Sensors}, subarea = {Agriculture Sensing} }
@article{sahota2018maximum-likelihood, doi = {10.1109/jsyst.2016.2550607}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2016.2550607}, year = {2018}, month = mar, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {506--515}, author = {Sahota, Herman and Kumar, Ratnesh}, title = {Maximum-Likelihood Sensor Node Localization Using Received Signal Strength in Multimedia With Multipath Characteristics}, journal = {IEEE Systems Journal}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems, Networks}, subarea = {Agriculture Systems} }
We present an effective yet simple approach to study the dynamic variations in optical properties (such as the refractive index (RI)) of graphene oxide (GO) when exposed to gases in the visible spectral region, using the thin-film interference method. The dynamic variations in the complex refractive index of GO in response to exposure to a gas is an important factor affecting the performance of GO-based gas sensors. In contrast to the conventional ellipsometry, this method alleviates the need of selecting a dispersion model from among a list of model choices, which is limiting if an applicable model is not known a priori. In addition, the method used is computationally simpler, and does not need to employ any functional approximations. Further advantage over ellipsometry is that no bulky optics is required, and as a result it can be easily integrated into the sensing system, thereby allowing the reliable, simple, and dynamic evaluation of the optical performance of any GO-based gas sensor. In addition, the derived values of the dynamically changing RI values of the GO layer obtained from the method we have employed are corroborated by comparing with the values obtained from ellipsometry.
@article{tabassum2018graphene-oxide-jrnl, author = {Tabassum, Shawana and Dong, Liang and Kumar, Ratnesh}, journal = {Opt. Express}, keywords = {Optical constants; Reflection; Interference; Optical sensing and sensors ; Light transmission; Optical properties; Refractive index; Scanning electron microscopy; Thin film optical properties; Visible light}, number = {5}, pages = {6331--6344}, publisher = {Optica Publishing Group}, title = {Determination of dynamic variations in the optical properties of graphene oxide in response to gas exposure based on thin-film interference}, volume = {26}, month = mar, year = {2018}, url = {http://opg.optica.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-26-5-6331}, doi = {10.1364/OE.26.006331}, area = {Sensors}, subarea = {Agriculture Sensing} }
@article{chen2018diagnosability, doi = {10.1109/tase.2016.2551746}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2016.2551746}, year = {2018}, month = jan, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {15}, number = {1}, pages = {404--408}, author = {Chen, Jun and Keroglou, Christoforos and Hadjicostis, Christoforos N. and Kumar, Ratnesh}, title = {Revised Test for Stochastic Diagnosability of Discrete-Event Systems}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Diagnosis, Stochastics} }
@article{pandey2018cyber-physical, doi = {10.1109/access.2018.2862634}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2862634}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {6}, pages = {43179--43191}, author = {Pandey, Gunjan and Weber, Robert J. and Kumar, Ratnesh}, title = {Agricultural Cyber-Physical System: In-Situ Soil Moisture and Salinity Estimation by Dielectric Mixing}, journal = {IEEE Access}, area = {Sensors}, subarea = {Agriculture Sensing} }
@article{ali2018dual-modality, doi = {10.1039/c7lc01211j}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1039/c7lc01211j}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry ({RSC})}, volume = {18}, number = {5}, pages = {803--817}, author = {Ali, Md. Azahar and Tabassum, Shawana and Wang, Qiugu and Wang, Yifei and Kumar, Ratnesh and Dong, Liang}, title = {Integrated dual-modality microfluidic sensor for biomarker detection using lithographic plasmonic crystal}, journal = {Lab Chip}, area = {Sensors}, subarea = {Bio-Sensors} }
@article{tabassum2017nanopatterned, doi = {10.1109/jsen.2017.2748593}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2017.2748593}, year = {2017}, month = nov, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {17}, number = {22}, pages = {7262--7272}, author = {Tabassum, Shawana and Kumar, Ratnesh and Dong, Liang}, title = {Nanopatterned Optical Fiber Tip for Guided Mode Resonance and Application to Gas Sensing}, journal = {IEEE Sensors Journal}, area = {Sensors}, subarea = {Agriculture Sensing} }
@article{tabassum2017crystal-based, doi = {10.1109/jsen.2017.2740176}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2017.2740176}, year = {2017}, month = oct, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {17}, number = {19}, pages = {6210--6223}, author = {Tabassum, Shawana and Kumar, Ratnesh and Dong, Liang}, title = {Plasmonic Crystal-Based Gas Sensor Toward an Optical Nose Design}, journal = {IEEE Sensors Journal}, area = {Sensors}, subarea = {Agriculture Sensing} }
@article{takai2017inference-based, doi = {10.1007/s10626-017-0253-x}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10626-017-0253-x}, year = {2017}, month = jul, publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media {LLC}}, volume = {28}, number = {2}, pages = {315--348}, author = {Takai, Shigemasa and Kumar, Ratnesh}, title = {Implementation of inference-based diagnosis: computing delay bound and ambiguity levels}, journal = {Discrete Event Dyn Syst}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems}, subsubarea = {Diagnosis} }
@article{ren2017modularconcurrent, doi = {10.1049/iet-cps.2016.0042}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-cps.2016.0042}, year = {2017}, month = jul, publisher = {Institution of Engineering and Technology ({IET})}, volume = {2}, number = {2}, pages = {65--74}, author = {Ren, Hao and Huang, Jing and Jiang, Shengbing and Kumar, Ratnesh}, title = {Verification using counterexample fragment based specification relaxation: case of modular/concurrent linear hybrid automata}, journal = {IET Cyber-Physical Systems: Theory {\&} Applications}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Verification} }
@article{xu2017electrophoresis, doi = {10.1109/jsen.2017.2704918}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2017.2704918}, year = {2017}, month = jul, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {17}, number = {14}, pages = {4330--4339}, author = {Xu, Zhen and Wang, Xinran and Weber, Robert J. and Kumar, Ratnesh and Dong, Liang}, title = {Nutrient Sensing Using Chip Scale Electrophoresis and In Situ Soil Solution Extraction}, journal = {IEEE Sensors Journal}, area = {Sensors}, subarea = {Agriculture Sensing, Bio-Sensors} }
We previously introduced an inference-based framework for decentralized prognosis of discrete event systems, and formulated the notion of N-inference V-prognosability to characterize the existence of a disjunctive decentralized prognosis scheme such that any fault can be predicted prior to its occurrence by at least one of the prognosers, using at most N-levels of inferencing. While the disjunctive scheme relies on one of the prognosers making a positive decision, the dual conjunctive scheme relies on none of the prognosers making a negative decision. It is known that the two schemes are incomparable, and in this paper we extend our earlier work to provide a more general framework, by introducing a notion of N-inference prognosability, that captures both disjunctive and conjunctive schemes. We also develop a method for verifying N-inference prognosability.
@article{takai2017generalized, doi = {10.1016/j.ifacol.2017.08.1201}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2017.08.1201}, year = {2017}, month = jul, publisher = {Elsevier {BV}}, volume = {50}, number = {1}, pages = {6819--6824}, author = {Takai, Shigemasa and Kumar, Ratnesh}, title = {A Generalized Inference-Based Prognosis Framework for Discrete Event Systems}, journal = {IFAC-PapersOnLine}, keywords = {Discrete event system, Decentralized prognosis, Inference prognosability}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems}, subsubarea = {Modeling} }
@article{takai2017decision-making, doi = {10.1109/tac.2016.2624422}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2016.2624422}, year = {2017}, month = jun, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {62}, number = {6}, pages = {2778--2793}, author = {Takai, Shigemasa and Kumar, Ratnesh}, title = {A Generalized Framework for Inference-Based Diagnosis of Discrete Event Systems Capturing Both Disjunctive and Conjunctive Decision-Making}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems}, subsubarea = {Diagnosis} }
@article{li2017simulinkstateflow, doi = {10.1049/iet-cps.2017.0007}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-cps.2017.0007}, year = {2017}, month = apr, publisher = {Institution of Engineering and Technology ({IET})}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {28--41}, author = {Li, Meng and Kumar, Ratnesh}, title = {Reachability resolution for discrete-time hybrid systems with application to automated test generation for Simulink/Stateflow}, journal = {IET Cyber-Physical Systems: Theory {\&} Applications}, area = {Embedded Software, Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Testing} }
This paper reports on a microfluidic impedimetric nitrate sensor using a graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanofibers (PEDOT-NFs) enabled electrochemical sensing interface. The sensor has demonstrated the ability to accurately detect and quantify nitrate ions in real samples extracted from soil. The PEDOT NFs-GO composite serves as an effective matrix for immobilization of nitrate reductase enzyme molecules. The oxygenated functional groups available at GO allows an increased charge transfer resistance of the electrochemical electrode. Microscopic, spectroscopic, and electrochemical studies were systematically conducted to illustrate synergic interactions between the GO and PEDOT NFs. The sensor provides a sensitivity of 61.15Ω/(mg/L)/cm2 within a wide concentration range of 0.44–442mg/L for nitrate ions in agricultural soils. The detection limit of the sensor is 0.135mg/L with good specificity, reliability, and reproducibility.
@article{ali2017microfluidic, title = {Microfluidic impedimetric sensor for soil nitrate detection using graphene oxide and conductive nanofibers enabled sensing interface}, journal = {Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical}, volume = {239}, pages = {1289-1299}, year = {2017}, month = feb, issn = {0925-4005}, doi = {10.1016/j.snb.2016.09.101}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S092540051631526X}, author = {Ali, Md. Azahar and Jiang, Huawei and Mahal, Navreet K. and Weber, Robert J. and Kumar, Ratnesh and Castellano, Michael J. and Dong, Liang}, keywords = {Microfluidics, Graphene oxide, Nitrate sensor, Soil sensor}, area = {Sensors}, subarea = {Agriculture Sensing} }
@article{chen2017quantification, doi = {10.1109/tase.2016.2604222}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2016.2604222}, year = {2017}, month = jan, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {14}, number = {1}, pages = {185--195}, author = {Chen, Jun and Ibrahim, Mariam and Kumar, Ratnesh}, title = {Quantification of Secrecy in Partially Observed Stochastic Discrete Event Systems}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Security, Stochastics} }
This paper reports on a microfluidic impedimetric nitrate sensor using a graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanofibers (PEDOT-NFs) enabled electrochemical sensing interface. The sensor has demonstrated the ability to accurately detect and quantify nitrate ions in real samples extracted from soil. The PEDOT NFs-GO composite serves as an effective matrix for immobilization of nitrate reductase enzyme molecules. The oxygenated functional groups available at GO allows an increased charge transfer resistance of the electrochemical electrode. Microscopic, spectroscopic, and electrochemical studies were systematically conducted to illustrate synergic interactions between the GO and PEDOT NFs. The sensor provides a sensitivity of 61.15Ω/(mg/L)/cm2 within a wide concentration range of 0.44–442mg/L for nitrate ions in agricultural soils. The detection limit of the sensor is 0.135mg/L with good specificity, reliability, and reproducibility.
@article{ALI20171289, title = {Microfluidic impedimetric sensor for soil nitrate detection using graphene oxide and conductive nanofibers enabled sensing interface}, journal = {Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical}, volume = {239}, pages = {1289-1299}, year = {2017}, issn = {0925-4005}, doi = {10.1016/j.snb.2016.09.101}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S092540051631526X}, author = {Ali, Md. Azahar and Jiang, Huawei and Mahal, Navreet K. and Weber, Robert J. and Kumar, Ratnesh and Castellano, Michael J. and Dong, Liang}, keywords = {Microfluidics, Graphene oxide, Nitrate sensor, Soil sensor}, area = {Sensors}, subarea = {Agriculture Sensing} }
@article{wu2017completion, doi = {10.12720/jcm.12.3.180-186}, url = {https://doi.org/10.12720/jcm.12.3.180-186}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Engineering and Technology Publishing}, author = {Wu, Gang and Swaminathan, Viswanathan and Kumar, Ratnesh}, title = {Matrix Completion under Gaussian Models Using {MAP} and {EM} Algorithms}, journal = {JCM}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Stochastics, Machine Learning} }
@article{li2016simulinkstateflow, doi = {10.1049/iet-cps.2016.0024}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-cps.2016.0024}, year = {2016}, month = dec, publisher = {Institution of Engineering and Technology ({IET})}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, pages = {95--107}, author = {Li, Meng and Kumar, Ratnesh}, title = {Automated test generation and error localisation for Simulink/Stateflow modelled systems using extended automata}, journal = {IET Cyber-Physical Systems: Theory {\&} Applications}, area = {Embedded Software, Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Testing} }
@article{singh2015piezoelectric, doi = {10.1109/tpel.2015.2394392}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2015.2394392}, year = {2015}, month = dec, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {30}, number = {12}, pages = {6763--6774}, author = {Singh, Kanishka Aman and Kumar, Ratnesh and Weber, Robert J.}, title = {A Broadband Bistable Piezoelectric Energy Harvester With Nonlinear High-Power Extraction}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics}, area = {Energy}, subarea = {Energy Harvesting} }
@article{chen2015discrete-time, doi = {10.1109/tase.2015.2453193}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2015.2453193}, year = {2015}, month = oct, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {12}, number = {4}, pages = {1369--1379}, author = {Chen, Jun and Kumar, Ratnesh}, title = {Fault Detection of Discrete-Time Stochastic Systems Subject to Temporal Logic Correctness Requirements}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Temporal Logic, Stochastics} }
@article{chen2015prognosability, doi = {10.1109/tac.2014.2381437}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2014.2381437}, year = {2015}, month = jun, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {60}, number = {6}, pages = {1570--1581}, author = {Chen, Jun and Kumar, Ratnesh}, title = {Stochastic Failure Prognosability of Discrete Event Systems}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems}, subsubarea = {Prognosis, Stochastics} }
@article{chen2015stochastic, doi = {10.1109/tac.2014.2382991}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2014.2382991}, year = {2015}, month = jun, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {60}, number = {6}, pages = {1542--1553}, author = {Chen, Jun and Kumar, Ratnesh}, title = {Failure Detection Framework for Stochastic Discrete Event Systems With Guaranteed Error Bounds}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Diagnosis, Stochastics} }
@article{li2015simulinkstateflow, doi = {10.1016/j.ifacol.2015.11.187}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2015.11.187}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Elsevier {BV}}, volume = {48}, number = {27}, pages = {274--279}, author = {Li, Meng and Kumar, Ratnesh}, title = {Robustness of Simulink/Stateflow Model Against Implementation Imperfections}, journal = {IFAC-PapersOnLine} }
We present a simulation-based verification framework for hybrid systems modeled by a subclass of non-linear hybrid automata with inputs. The motivation for using simulation in verification is to obtain information of the system behavior without finding the (usually non-existing or costly-to-get) analytical solution of the system dynamics. The initial state set and input set are partitioned into classes, members of which possess similar behaviors, generating similar simulation traces. In this paper, we give the formula to compute the propagation of error as the simulation proceeds as a function of simulation step error, perturbation of initial state and input. Bounded tube segments are then constructed for each consecutive step based on the error bounds to overapproximate the reachable state set during a specified time interval. A feature of our work, that makes it distinct from prior simulation-based verification works, is that it does not rely on a pre-identified initial partition of initial states/inputs as that would only work under the assumption that the simulations could be done without introducing any perturbations in discrete dynamics. Since there is no way to guarantee this, in our approach, the partitioning is refined in time-steps as needed, yielding a correct approach for simulation-based verification. We developed a prototype tool implementing our algorithms and provided verification results from two benchmarks in this area to show its effectiveness.
@article{ren2015step-simulation, title = {Step Simulation/Overapproximation-Based Verification of Nonlinear Deterministic Hybrid System with Inputs}, journal = {IFAC-PapersOnLine}, volume = {48}, number = {27}, pages = {21-26}, year = {2015}, note = {Analysis and Design of Hybrid Systems ADHS}, issn = {2405-8963}, doi = {10.1016/j.ifacol.2015.11.147}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405896315024052}, author = {Ren, Hao and Kumar, Ratnesh}, keywords = {Hybrid automata, Reachability analysis, Nonlinear, Simulation-based verification} }
2010-2014
@article{li2014inputoutput-extended, doi = {10.1109/tase.2013.2272535}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2013.2272535}, year = {2014}, month = oct, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {11}, number = {4}, pages = {1229--1239}, author = {Li, Meng and Kumar, Ratnesh}, title = {Recursive Modeling of Stateflow as Input/Output-Extended Automaton}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems}, subsubarea = {Composition} }
@article{wen2014fault-tolerant, doi = {10.1109/tsmc.2013.2291538}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2013.2291538}, year = {2014}, month = aug, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {44}, number = {8}, pages = {1056--1066}, author = {Wen, Qin and Kumar, Ratnesh and Huang, Jing}, title = {Framework for Optimal Fault-Tolerant Control Synthesis: Maximize Prefault While Minimize Post-Fault Behaviors}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems}, subsubarea = {Fault Tolerance} }
@article{pandey2014spectroscopy, doi = {10.1109/jsen.2014.2307001}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2014.2307001}, year = {2014}, month = jun, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {14}, number = {6}, pages = {1997--2005}, author = {Pandey, Gunjan and Kumar, Ratnesh and Weber, Robert J.}, title = {A Low {RF}-Band Impedance Spectroscopy Based Sensor for {In Situ}, Wireless Soil Sensing}, journal = {IEEE Sensors Journal}, area = {Sensors}, subarea = {Agriculture Sensing} }
@article{kumar2014textquotedblleftdecentralized, doi = {10.1109/tac.2013.2283756}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2013.2283756}, year = {2014}, month = may, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {59}, number = {5}, pages = {1391--1392}, author = {Kumar, Ratnesh and Takai, Shigemasa}, title = {Comments on {\textquotedblleft}Polynomial Time Verification of Decentralized Diagnosability of Discrete Event Systems{\textquotedblright} versus {\textquotedblleft}Decentralized Failure Diagnosis of Discrete Event Systems{\textquotedblright}: Complexity Clarification}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems}, subsubarea = {Diagnosis} }
@article{ouedraogo2014computation, doi = {10.1109/tase.2013.2237766}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2013.2237766}, year = {2014}, month = apr, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {11}, number = {2}, pages = {537--548}, author = {Ouedraogo, Lucien and Kumar, Ratnesh}, title = {Computation of the Precise Worst-Case Response Time of {FlexRay} Dynamic Messages}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering}, area = {Networks} }
An article on bisimilarity enforcing supervisory control of discrete event systems was published recently in 2011, Issue 4, Volume 47, pages 782–788, of Automatica. The article introduced a certain definition of composition of plant and supervisor to define a controlled system, so as to come up with an existence condition of bisimilarity enforcing control. Such definition changes the semantics of event-based control to transition-based control, selectively disabling nondeterministic transitions. Any results reported in the paper thus raise question about value and applicability.
@article{kumar2014comment-bisimilarity, title = {Comment on “Bisimilarity control of partially observed nondeterministic discrete event systems and a test algorithm” [Automatica 47 (2011) 782–788]}, journal = {Automatica}, volume = {50}, number = {1}, pages = {296-297}, year = {2014}, issn = {0005-1098}, doi = {10.1016/j.automatica.2013.09.040}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005109813004731}, author = {Kumar, Ratnesh and Jiang, Shengbing and Zhou, Changyan}, keywords = {Discrete event systems, Bisimulation, Control, Nondeterminism}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Bisimulation} }
@article{chen2014predicting, doi = {10.3182/20140514-3-fr-4046.00120}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3182/20140514-3-fr-4046.00120}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Elsevier {BV}}, volume = {47}, number = {2}, pages = {1--6}, author = {Chen, Jun and Kumar, Ratnesh}, title = {Pattern Mining for Predicting Critical Events from Sequential Event Data Log}, journal = {IFAC Proceedings Volumes} }
Two types of diagnosability of stochastic discrete-event systems (DESs) were introduced by Thorsley in 2005, where a necessary and sufficient condition for Strong Stochastic (SS)-Diagnosability (referred as A-diagnosability by Thorsley and Teneketzis, 2005), and a sufficient condition for Stochastic (S)-Diagnosability (referred as AA-diagnosability by Thorsley and Teneketzis, 2005), both with exponential complexity, were reported. In this paper, we present polynomial complexity tests for checking: (i) necessity and sufficiency of SS-Diagnosability; (ii) sufficiency of S-Diagnosability; and (iii) sufficiency as well as necessity of S-Diagnosability; the latter requires an additional notion of probabilistic equivalence. Thus, the work presented improves the accuracy as well as the complexity of verifying stochastic diagnosability.
@article{chen2013discrete-event, author = {Chen, Jun and Kumar, Ratnesh}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering}, title = {Polynomial Test for Stochastic Diagnosability of Discrete-Event Systems}, year = {2013}, volume = {10}, number = {4}, pages = {969-979}, doi = {10.1109/TASE.2013.2251334}, issn = {1558-3783}, month = oct }
@article{xu2013correct-by-construction, doi = {10.1109/tase.2012.2203303}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2012.2203303}, year = {2013}, month = jan, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {10}, number = {1}, pages = {137--144}, author = {Xu, Songyan and Kumar, Ratnesh and Pinto, Alessandro}, title = {Correct-by-Construction and Optimal Synthesis of Beacon-Enabled {ZigBee} Network}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering}, area = {Networks} }
@article{zhou2013bisimulation, doi = {10.1109/tase.2012.2198917}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2012.2198917}, year = {2013}, month = jan, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {10}, number = {1}, pages = {160--170}, author = {Zhou, Changyan and Kumar, Ratnesh}, title = {Finite Bisimulation of Reactive Untimed Infinite State Systems Modeled as Automata With Variables}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Bisimulation} }
The task of failure prognosis requires the prediction of impending failures. This technical note formulates and studies the problem of distributed prognosis of discrete event systems, where the local prognosers exchange their observations for the sake of arriving at a prognostic decision. The observations are exchanged over communication channels that introduce bounded delays. A property of joint-prognosability is introduced to capture the condition under which any failure can be predicted by some local prognoser prior to its occurrence. We provide an algorithm to check the joint-prognosability property.
@article{takai2012communications-jrnl, author = {Takai, Shigemasa and Kumar, Ratnesh}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control}, title = {Distributed Failure Prognosis of Discrete Event Systems With Bounded-Delay Communications}, year = {2012}, volume = {57}, number = {5}, pages = {1259-1265}, doi = {10.1109/TAC.2011.2173419}, issn = {1558-2523}, month = may, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems}, subsubarea = {Prognosis} }
@article{kumar2012control-reconfiguration, doi = {10.3182/20120829-3-mx-2028.00289}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3182/20120829-3-mx-2028.00289}, year = {2012}, month = jan, publisher = {Elsevier {BV}}, volume = {45}, number = {20}, pages = {848--853}, author = {Kumar, Ratnesh and Takai, Shigemasa}, title = {A Framework for Control-Reconfiguration Following Fault-Detection in Discrete Event Systems}, journal = {IFAC Proceedings Volumes} }
@article{zhou2011deterministic, doi = {10.1109/tac.2011.2161790}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2011.2161790}, year = {2011}, month = dec, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {56}, number = {12}, pages = {2986--2991}, author = {Zhou, Changyan and Kumar, Ratnesh}, title = {Bisimilarity Enforcement for Discrete Event Systems Using Deterministic Control}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Bisimulation} }
@article{ouedraogo2011discrete-event, doi = {10.1109/tase.2011.2124457}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2011.2124457}, year = {2011}, month = jul, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {8}, number = {3}, pages = {560--569}, author = {Ouedraogo, L. and Kumar, Ratnesh and Malik, R. and Akesson, K.}, title = {Nonblocking and Safe Control of Discrete-Event Systems Modeled as Extended Finite Automata}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems}, subsubarea = {Control} }
@article{bhattacharyya2011management, doi = {10.1002/asjc.349}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/asjc.349}, year = {2011}, month = feb, publisher = {Wiley}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {471--479}, author = {Bhattacharyya, S. and Kumar, Ratnesh and Huang, Z.}, title = {A discrete event systems approach to network fault management: detection and diagnosis of faults}, journal = {Asian Journal of Control}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems, Networks}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems}, subsubarea = {Diagnosis} }
@article{takai2011inference-based, doi = {10.1109/tac.2010.2085590}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2010.2085590}, year = {2011}, month = jan, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {56}, number = {1}, pages = {165--171}, author = {Takai, Shigemasa and Kumar, Ratnesh}, title = {Inference-Based Decentralized Prognosis in Discrete Event Systems}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems}, subsubarea = {Prognosis} }
@article{zhou2010translation, doi = {10.1007/s10626-010-0096-1}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10626-010-0096-1}, year = {2010}, month = dec, publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media {LLC}}, volume = {22}, number = {2}, pages = {223--247}, author = {Zhou, Changyan and Kumar, Ratnesh}, title = {Semantic Translation of Simulink Diagrams to Input/Output Extended Finite Automata}, journal = {Discrete Event Dyn Syst}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems, Embedded Software}, subarea = {Testing} }
We study diagnosis of timed discrete-event systems (TDESs) modeled as timed-automata. Earlier works on diagnosis of TDESs assumed that a diagnoser has partial observation of events but can measure (or observe) time with arbitrary precision. In practice, however, time can only be measured with finite precision. We model the finite precision observability of time using a digital-clock that measures time discretely by executing ticks. For the diagnosis purposes, the set of nonfaulty timed-traces is specified as another timed-automaton that is deterministic, generalizing the forms of nonfaulty specifications considered in the earlier works. We show that the set of timed-traces observed using a digital-clock with finite precision is regular, i.e., can be represented using a finite (untimed) automaton. We show that the verification of diagnosability (ability to detect the execution of a faulty timed-trace within a bounded time delay) as well as the offline synthesis of a diagnoser are decidable by reducing these problems to the untimed setting. The reduction of the diagnosis problem to the untimed setting also suggests an effective method for the offline computation of a diagnoser as well as its online implementation for diagnosis.
@article{xu2010diagnosis-jrnl, author = {Xu, Songyan and Jiang, Shengbing and Kumar, Ratnesh}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering}, title = {Diagnosis of Dense-Time Systems Under Event and Timing Masks}, year = {2010}, volume = {7}, number = {4}, pages = {870-878}, doi = {10.1109/TASE.2010.2049841}, issn = {1558-3783}, month = oct, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Real Time}, subsubarea = {Diagnosis} }
@article{jin2010reachability, doi = {10.1016/j.ijepes.2010.01.014}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2010.01.014}, year = {2010}, month = sep, publisher = {Elsevier {BV}}, volume = {32}, number = {7}, pages = {782--787}, author = {Jin, Licheng and Kumar, Ratnesh and Elia, Nicola}, title = {Reachability analysis based transient stability design in power systems}, journal = {International Journal of Electrical Power {\&} Energy Systems}, area = {Energy}, subarea = {Energy Systems} }
We study the supervisory control of dense-time discrete event systems (DESs) in which the supervisors employ finite-precision digital-clocks to observe the event occurrence times, thereby relaxing the assumption of the prior works that time can be measured precisely. In our paper, the passing of time is measured using the number of ticks generated by a digital-clock and we allow the plant events and digital-clock ticks to occur concurrently. We formalize the notion of a control policy that issues the control actions based on the observations of events and their occurrence times as measured using a digital-clock, and show that such a control policy can be equivalently represented as a “digitalized”-automaton, namely, an untimed-automaton that evolves over events (of the plant) and ticks (of the digital-clock). We introduce the notion of observability with respect to the partial observation of time resulting from the use of a digital-clock, and show that this property together with controllability serves as a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a supervisor to enforce a real-time specification on a dense-time discrete event plant. The observability condition presented in the paper is very different from the one arising due to a partial observation of events since a partial observation of time is in general nondeterministic (the number of ticks generated in any time interval can vary from execution to execution of a digital-clock). We also present a method to verify the proposed observability and controllability conditions, and an algorithm to compute a supervisor when such conditions are satisfied.
@article{xu2010digital-clocks, author = {Xu, Songyan and Kumar, Ratnesh}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control}, title = {Real-Time Control of Dense-Time Systems Using Digital-Clocks}, year = {2010}, volume = {55}, number = {9}, pages = {2003-2013}, doi = {10.1109/TAC.2010.2042988}, issn = {1558-2523}, month = sep, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Real Time}, subsubarea = {Control} }
In our past work, we presented a framework for the decentralized control of discrete event systems involving inferencing over ambiguities about the system state of various local decision-makers, and introduced the notion of N-inference-observability as an existence condition of a certain decentralized supervisor. When a given specification fails to satisfy the N-inference-observability property, a supervisor achieving the given specification does not exist, and a technique for synthesizing a decentralized supervisor that achieves an N-inference-observable superlanguage is presented here (a dual problem of computing an N-inference-observable sublanguage was studied in our past work).
@article{takai2010over-approximating-jrnl, author = {Takai, Shigemasa and Kumar, Ratnesh}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control}, title = {Synthesis of Over-Approximating Inference-Based Decentralized Supervisors for Discrete Event Systems}, year = {2010}, volume = {55}, number = {8}, pages = {1881-1887}, doi = {10.1109/TAC.2010.2048634}, issn = {1558-2523}, month = aug, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems}, subsubarea = {Control} }
@article{jiang2010discrete-event, doi = {10.1109/tase.2009.2025865}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2009.2025865}, year = {2010}, month = jul, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {7}, number = {3}, pages = {512--522}, author = {Jiang, Shengbing and Kumar, Ratnesh and Takai, Shigemasa and Qiu, Wenbin}, title = {Decentralized Control of Discrete-Event Systems With Multiple Local Specifications}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems}, subsubarea = {Control} }
@article{jin2010control-based, doi = {10.1109/tpwrs.2009.2034748}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2009.2034748}, year = {2010}, month = may, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {25}, number = {2}, pages = {988--998}, author = {Jin, Licheng and Kumar, Ratnesh and Elia, Nicola}, title = {Model Predictive Control-Based Real-Time Power System Protection Schemes}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Power Systems}, area = {Energy}, subarea = {Energy Systems} }
@article{kumar2010decentralized, doi = {10.1109/tac.2009.2034216}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2009.2034216}, year = {2010}, month = jan, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {55}, number = {1}, pages = {48--59}, author = {Kumar, Ratnesh and Takai, S.}, title = {Decentralized Prognosis of Failures in Discrete Event Systems}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems}, subsubarea = {Prognosis} }
@article{hsu2010controlled, title = {On controlled Markov chains with optimality requirement and safety constraint}, author = {Hsu, Shun-Pin and Arapostathis, Aristotle and Kumar, Ratnesh}, journal = {Int. J. Innovative Comput., Inform. and Control}, volume = {6}, number = {6}, pages = {2497--2511}, year = {2010}, url = {http://www.ijicic.org/08-1222-1.pdf}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Stochastics} }
2005-2009
@article{kumar2009inference-based, doi = {10.1109/tase.2009.2021330}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2009.2021330}, year = {2009}, month = jul, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {6}, number = {3}, pages = {479--491}, author = {Kumar, Ratnesh and Takai, S.}, title = {Inference-Based Ambiguity Management in Decentralized Decision-Making: Decentralized Diagnosis of Discrete-Event Systems}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems}, subsubarea = {Diagnosis} }
Certain faults, such as intermittent or non-persistent faults, may occur repeatedly. For discrete-event systems prone to repeated faults, Jiang, Kumar, and Garcia in 2003 introduced the notion of l-diagnosability requiring the diagnosis of the l th occurrence of a fault within a bounded delay. The present paper studies the identification of the set of all indices l for which the system is not l-diagnosable. (These are precisely the occurrence indices for which a repeatable-fault cannot be diagnosed.) We present an algorithm of cubic complexity to determine whether a system is diagnosable for every fault-occurrence index. For those systems for which the answer is negative, we show that the set of indices for which the system is non-diagnosable possesses the property that it is either finite or consists of a finite number of eventually periodic sets.
@article{zhou2009repeatable-faults-jrnl, author = {Zhou, Changyan and Kumar, Ratnesh}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control}, title = {Computation of Diagnosable Fault-Occurrence Indices for Systems With Repeatable Faults}, year = {2009}, volume = {54}, number = {7}, pages = {1477-1489}, doi = {10.1109/TAC.2009.2022093}, issn = {1558-2523}, month = jul, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems}, subsubarea = {Diagnosis} }
@article{liu2009reconfigurable, doi = {10.1109/tpwrs.2009.2016059}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2009.2016059}, year = {2009}, month = may, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {24}, number = {2}, pages = {1029--1038}, author = {Liu, Haifeng and Jin, Licheng and McCalley, J.D. and Kumar, Ratnesh and Ajjarapu, V. and Elia, N.}, title = {Planning Reconfigurable Reactive Control for Voltage Stability Limited Power Systems}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Power Systems}, area = {Energy}, subarea = {Energy Systems} }
@article{qiu2009decentralized, doi = {10.1109/tase.2008.2009093}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2008.2009093}, year = {2009}, month = apr, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {6}, number = {2}, pages = {362--366}, author = {Qiu, Wenbin and Wen, Qin and Kumar, Ratnesh}, title = {Decentralized Diagnosis of Event-Driven Systems for Safely Reacting to Failures}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems}, subsubarea = {Diagnosis} }
@article{qiu2008decentralized, doi = {10.1109/tac.2008.2007835}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2008.2007835}, year = {2008}, month = nov, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {53}, number = {10}, pages = {2425--2430}, author = {Qiu, Wenbin and Kumar, Ratnesh and Chandra, Vigyan}, title = {Decentralized Control of Discrete Event Systems Using Prioritized Composition With Exclusion}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems}, subsubarea = {Composition} }
@article{huang2008nonblocking, doi = {10.1109/tase.2008.923820}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2008.923820}, year = {2008}, month = oct, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {5}, number = {4}, pages = {620--629}, author = {Huang, Jing and Kumar, Ratnesh}, title = {Directed Control of Discrete Event Systems for Safety and Nonblocking}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems}, subsubarea = {Control} }
@article{wen2008fault-tolerant, doi = {10.1109/tac.2008.929388}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2008.929388}, year = {2008}, month = sep, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {53}, number = {8}, pages = {1839--1849}, author = {Wen, Qin and Kumar, Ratnesh and Huang, Jing and Liu, Haifeng}, title = {A Framework for Fault-Tolerant Control of Discrete Event Systems}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems}, subsubarea = {Fault Tolerance} }
For the control of discrete event systems, the notion of directed control refines that of supervisory control. A directed controller is one that selects at most one controllable event to be enabled at any state (without disabling any uncontrollable event), which is in fact how a discrete event control is implemented. In contrast, a supervisory controller computes a maximal allowable set of controllable events at each state, leaving undecided exactly which controllable event should be enabled. In previous works, we developed a framework for the computation of optimal directed controllers and a polynomial synthesis algorithm for acyclic plants. In this paper, we present a novel synthesis approach for general plants, i.e., plants with or without cycles, thus providing a complete solution to the optimal directed control problem. The complexity of the approach remains polynomial in the size of plant.
@article{huang2008nonblocking-jrnl, author = {Huang, Jing and Kumar, Ratnesh}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control}, title = {Optimal Nonblocking Directed Control of Discrete Event Systems}, year = {2008}, volume = {53}, number = {7}, pages = {1592-1603}, doi = {10.1109/TAC.2008.927800}, issn = {1558-2523}, month = aug }
@article{qiu2008bounded-delay, doi = {10.1109/tsmca.2008.918627}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmca.2008.918627}, year = {2008}, month = may, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {38}, number = {3}, pages = {628--643}, author = {Qiu, Wenbin and Kumar, Ratnesh}, title = {Distributed Diagnosis Under Bounded-Delay Communication of Immediately Forwarded Local Observations}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems}, subsubarea = {Diagnosis} }
@article{takai2008inference-based, doi = {10.1109/tac.2007.915171}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2007.915171}, year = {2008}, month = mar, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {53}, number = {2}, pages = {522--534}, author = {Takai, Shigemasa and Kumar, Ratnesh}, title = {Synthesis of Inference-Based Decentralized Control for Discrete Event Systems}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems}, subsubarea = {Control} }
@article{takai2008inference-based-jrnl, author = {Takai, Shigemasa and Kumar, Ratnesh}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control}, title = {Synthesis of Inference-Based Decentralized Control for Discrete Event Systems}, year = {2008}, volume = {53}, number = {2}, pages = {522-534}, doi = {10.1109/TAC.2007.915171}, issn = {1558-2523}, month = mar }
@article{zhou2008interactioncontrol-jrnl, author = {Zhou, Changyan and Kumar, Ratnesh}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering}, title = {Prioritized Synchronization Under Mask for Control and Interaction of Partially Observed Event-Driven Systems}, year = {2008}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {101-112}, doi = {10.1109/TASE.2007.909445}, issn = {1558-3783}, month = jan, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems}, subsubarea = {Composition} }
Control for safety and nonblockingness using a deterministic supervisor requires the specification language be controllable and observable (under the setting that marking is also decided by a supervisor). We argue that there exist cases where the above properties do not hold, yet a safe and nonblocking control can be synthesized by allowing the supervisor to be nondeterministic. Use of a nondeterministic supervisor yields a controlled system that is nondeterministic for which a language equivalence only preserve the safety but not the nonblocking property, and so instead we require the stronger equivalence of bisimilarity (which preserves "sequential" behavior such as safety as well as "branching" behavior such as nonblockingness). This motivates us to consider control of deterministic systems for achieving bisimulation equivalence to possibly nondeterministic specifications. We introduce the notions of state-achievability (SA) and state-achievability-bisimilar (SAB) as part of the existence condition, and develop effective algorithms for verify the existence conditions as well as for synthesizing a supervisor when the existence condition holds. We show that the complexity of verifying the existence of a controller is polynomial, whereas that of computing a controller (when one exists) is singly exponential. The proposed approach can be applied to enforce any property that depends on branching and sequential behavior.
@article{zhou2007deterministic, author = {Zhou, Changyan and Kumar, Ratnesh}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control}, title = {Bisimilarity Control of Partially Observed Deterministic Systems}, year = {2007}, volume = {52}, number = {9}, pages = {1642-1653}, doi = {10.1109/TAC.2007.904470}, issn = {1558-2523}, month = sep, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Bisimulation} }
@article{huang2007framework, doi = {10.1109/tsmca.2007.902652}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmca.2007.902652}, year = {2007}, month = sep, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {37}, number = {5}, pages = {780--791}, author = {Huang, Jing and Kumar, Ratnesh}, title = {An Optimal Directed Control Framework for Discrete Event Systems}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems}, subsubarea = {Optimal} }
@article{zhou2007nondeterministic, doi = {10.1109/tase.2006.891474}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2006.891474}, year = {2007}, month = jul, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {4}, number = {3}, pages = {340--349}, author = {Zhou, Changyan and Kumar, Ratnesh}, title = {Control of Nondeterministic Discrete Event Systems for Simulation Equivalence}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems}, subsubarea = {Bisimulation} }
@article{zhou2007bisimilarity, doi = {10.1109/tase.2006.873004}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2006.873004}, year = {2007}, month = jan, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {4}, number = {1}, pages = {93--97}, author = {Zhou, Changyan and Kumar, Ratnesh}, title = {A Small Model Theorem for Bisimilarity Control Under Partial Observation}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Bisimulation} }
@article{qiu2007unbounded-delay, doi = {10.1109/tac.2006.886540}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2006.886540}, year = {2007}, month = jan, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {52}, number = {1}, pages = {114--116}, author = {Qiu, Wenbin and Kumar, Ratnesh and Jiang, Shengbing}, title = {On Decidability of Distributed Diagnosis Under Unbounded-Delay Communication}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems}, subsubarea = {Diagnosis} }
@article{4349199, author = {Kumar, Ratnesh and Takai, Shigemasa}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control}, title = {Inference-Based Ambiguity Management in Decentralized Decision-Making: Decentralized Control of Discrete Event Systems}, year = {2007}, volume = {52}, number = {10}, pages = {1783-1794}, keywords = {Decision making;Distributed control;Discrete event systems;Observability;Control systems;Information science;Distributed computing;Physics computing;Law;Legal factors;Ambiguity;decentralized control;discrete event systems;inference-observability;inferencing;knowledge}, doi = {10.1109/TAC.2007.906158} }
We introduce a framework for fault-tolerant supervisory control of discrete-event systems. Given a plant, possessing both faulty and nonfaulty behavior, and a submodel for just the nonfaulty part, the goal of fault-tolerant supervisory control is to enforce a certain specification for the nonfaulty plant and another (perhaps more liberal) specification for the overall plant, and further to ensure that the plant recovers from any fault within a bounded delay so that following the recovery the system state is equivalent to a nonfaulty state (as if no fault ever happened). We formulate this notion of fault-tolerant supervisory control and provide a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of such a supervisor, which involves the notion of stability (besides controllability and observability). An example of a power system is provided to illustrate the framework.
@article{wen2007supervisory, title = {Fault-Tolerant Supervisory Control Of Discrete Event Systems: Formulation And Existence Results}, journal = {IFAC Proceedings Volumes}, volume = {40}, number = {6}, pages = {175-180}, year = {2007}, note = {1st IFAC Workshop on Dependable Control of Discrete Systems}, issn = {1474-6670}, doi = {10.3182/20070613-3-FR-4909.00032}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1474667015311150}, author = {Wen, Q. and Kumar, R. and Huang, J. and Liu, H.}, keywords = {discrete event systems, fault-tolerance, supervisory control, stability} }
We propose a protocol for distributed state estimation, where distributed observers share their state estimation information through bounded-delay channels. A synchronized truncation strategy is proposed to further reduce the space and time complexity. An example is provided to illustrate the proposed distributed state-estimation protocol.
@article{qiu2007distributed, title = {A Protocol For Distributed State Estimation In Discrete Event Systems}, journal = {IFAC Proceedings Volumes}, volume = {40}, number = {6}, pages = {217-222}, year = {2007}, note = {1st IFAC Workshop on Dependable Control of Discrete Systems}, issn = {1474-6670}, doi = {10.3182/20070613-3-FR-4909.00039}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1474667015311228}, author = {Qiu, Wenbin and Kumar, Ratnesh}, keywords = {Discrete-event systems, state estimation, distributed systems} }
@article{zhou2006nondeterministic, doi = {10.1109/tac.2006.875036}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2006.875036}, year = {2006}, month = may, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {51}, number = {5}, pages = {754--765}, author = {Zhou, C. and Kumar, Ratnesh and Jiang, S.}, title = {Control of Nondeterministic Discrete-Event Systems for Bisimulation Equivalence}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Bisimulation} }
By decentralized diagnosis we mean diagnosis using multiple diagnosers, each possessing its own set of sensors, without involving any communication among diagnosers or to any coordinators. The notion of decentralized diagnosis is formalized by introducing the notion of codiagnosability that requires that a failure be detected by one of the diagnosers within a bounded delay. Algorithms of complexity polynomial in the size of the system and the nonfault specification are provided for: 1) testing codiagnosability, 2) computing the bound in delay of diagnosis, 3) offline synthesis of individual diagnosers, and 4) online diagnosis using them. The notion of codiagnosability and the above algorithms are initially presented in a setting of a specification language (violation of which represents a fault) and are later specialized to the case where faults are modeled as the occurrences of certain events. The notion of strong codiagnosability is also introduced to capture the ability of being certain about both the failure as well as the nonfailure conditions in a system within a bounded delay.
@article{qiu2006decentralised, author = {Qiu, Wenbin and Kumar, R.}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans}, title = {Decentralized failure diagnosis of discrete event systems}, year = {2006}, volume = {36}, number = {2}, pages = {384-395}, doi = {10.1109/TSMCA.2005.853503}, issn = {1558-2426}, month = mar, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems}, subsubarea = {Diagnostics} }
@article{jiang2006specifications, doi = {10.1137/s0363012902409982}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1137/s0363012902409982}, year = {2006}, month = jan, publisher = {Society for Industrial {\&} Applied Mathematics ({SIAM})}, volume = {44}, number = {6}, pages = {2079--2103}, author = {Jiang, Shengbing and Kumar, Ratnesh}, title = {Supervisory Control of Discrete Event Systems with ${CTL}{\ast}$ Temporal Logic Specifications}, journal = {SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Temporal Logic} }
@article{1566657, author = {Jiang, Shengbing and Kumar, R.}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering}, title = {Diagnosis of repeated failures for discrete event systems with linear-time temporal-logic specifications}, year = {2006}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {47-59}, keywords = {Discrete event systems;Logic;Polynomials;Event detection;System testing;Routing;Manufacturing systems;Delay effects;Formal specifications;Research and development;Discrete event system;linear-time temporal logic (LTL);repeated failure diagnosis}, doi = {10.1109/TASE.2005.860613} }
@article{arapostathis2005control, doi = {10.1109/tase.2005.853392}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2005.853392}, year = {2005}, month = oct, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {2}, number = {4}, pages = {333--343}, author = {Arapostathis, A. and Kumar, Ratnesh and Hsu, S.P.}, title = {Control of Markov Chains With Safety Bounds}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Stochastics} }
@article{kumar2005nonblocking, doi = {10.1016/j.automatica.2005.03.011}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.automatica.2005.03.011}, year = {2005}, month = aug, publisher = {Elsevier {BV}}, volume = {41}, number = {8}, pages = {1299--1312}, author = {Kumar, Ratnesh and Takai, Shigemasa and Fabian, Martin and Ushio, Toshimitsu}, title = {Maximally permissive mutually and globally nonblocking supervision with application to switching control}, journal = {Automatica}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems}, subsubarea = {Control} }
@article{takai2005supersublanguages, doi = {10.1109/tac.2005.844724}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2005.844724}, year = {2005}, month = apr, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {50}, number = {4}, pages = {434--447}, author = {Takai, S. and Kumar, Ratnesh and Ushio, T.}, title = {Characterization of co-observable languages and formulas for their super/sublanguages}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems}, subsubarea = {Optimal Control} }
@article{kumar2005discrete-event, doi = {10.1109/tac.2005.844725}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2005.844725}, year = {2005}, month = apr, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {50}, number = {4}, pages = {463--475}, author = {Kumar, Ratnesh and Jiang, Shengbing and Zhou, Changyan and Qiu, Wenbin}, title = {Polynomial synthesis of supervisor for partially observed discrete-event systems by allowing nondeterminism in control}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems}, subsubarea = {Nondeterminism} }
@article{kumar2005computation, doi = {10.1109/tase.2004.829432}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/tase.2004.829432}, year = {2005}, month = jan, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {87--91}, author = {Kumar, Ratnesh and Garg, V.K.}, title = {On Computation of State Avoidance Control for Infinite State Systems in Assignment Program Framework}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems}, subsubarea = {Infinite-behaviors} }
@article{qiu2005decentralized, title = {Decentralized diagnosis of event-driven systems for safely reacting to failures}, author = {Qiu, Wenbin and Kumar, Ratnesh}, journal = {IFAC Proceedings Volumes}, volume = {38}, number = {1}, pages = {140--145}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.3182/20050703-6-CZ-1902.01448}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems}, subsubarea = {Diagnosis} }
2000-2004
@article{kumar2004nonblocking, doi = {10.1016/s1474-6670(17)30724-3}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670%2817%2930724-3}, year = {2004}, month = sep, publisher = {Elsevier {BV}}, volume = {37}, number = {18}, pages = {69--74}, author = {Kumar, Ratnesh and Takai, Shigemasa and Fabian, Martin and Ushio, Toshimitsu}, title = {Maximally permissive mutually and globally nonblocking supervisors for discrete event systems}, journal = {IFAC Proceedings Volumes} }
@article{jiang2004discrete-event, doi = {10.1109/tac.2004.829616}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2004.829616}, year = {2004}, month = jun, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {49}, number = {6}, pages = {934--945}, author = {Jiang, S. and Kumar, Ratnesh}, title = {Failure Diagnosis of Discrete-Event Systems With Linear-Time Temporal Logic Specifications}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Temporal Logic} }
@article{chandra2003prioritized, doi = {10.1076/mcmd.9.3.255.24151}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1076/mcmd.9.3.255.24151}, year = {2003}, month = sep, publisher = {Informa {UK} Limited}, volume = {9}, number = {3}, pages = {255--280}, author = {Chandra, V. and Huang, Z. and Qiu, W. and Kumar, Ratnesh}, title = {Prioritized Composition With Exclusion and Generation for the Interaction and Control of Discrete Event Systems}, journal = {Mathematical and Computer Modelling of Dynamical Systems}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems}, subsubarea = {Composition} }
@article{huang2003rules-based, doi = {10.1076/mcmd.9.3.233.24147}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1076/mcmd.9.3.233.24147}, year = {2003}, month = sep, publisher = {Informa {UK} Limited}, volume = {9}, number = {3}, pages = {233--254}, author = {Huang, Z. and Chandra, V. and Jiang, S. and Kumar, Ratnesh}, title = {Modeling Discrete Event Systems With Faults Using a Rules-based Modeling Formalism}, journal = {Mathematical and Computer Modelling of Dynamical Systems}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems}, subsubarea = {Modeling} }
@article{arapostathis2003controlled, doi = {10.1109/tac.2003.814267}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2003.814267}, year = {2003}, month = jul, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {48}, number = {7}, pages = {1230--1234}, author = {Arapostathis, A. and Kumar, Ratnesh and Tangirala, S.}, title = {Controlled Markov chains with safety upper bound}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Stochastics} }
The design of logic controllers for event-driven systems continue to rely largely on intuitive methods rather than on formal techniques. This approach results in a control code that requires extensive verification, is hard to maintain and modify, and may even fail at times. Supervisory control theory (SCT) provides a formal approach to logic control synthesis. In order to demonstrate the usefulness of the supervisory control theory in manufacturing systems, an educational test-bed that simulates an automated car assembly line has been built using LEGO/spl reg/ blocks. Finite state machines (FSMs) are used for modeling operations of the assembly line, and for the specifications that accomplish the task of successfully completing the assembly repeatedly. Using the technique of SCT, we derive a supervisor that enforces the specifications while offering the maximum flexibility of assembly. Subsequently a controller is extracted from the maximally permissive supervisor for the purpose of implementing the control by selecting, when possible, at most one controllable event from among the ones allowed by the supervisor. Testing to check the correctness of the control code is reduced, since the controller is guaranteed to enforce the specifications.
@article{chandra2003automated, author = {Chandra, V. and Huang, Zhongdong and Kumar, R.}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews)}, title = {Automated control synthesis for an assembly line using discrete event system control theory}, year = {2003}, volume = {33}, number = {2}, pages = {284-289}, doi = {10.1109/TSMCC.2003.813152}, issn = {1558-2442}, month = may, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems}, subsubarea = {Control} }
@article{jiang2003repeatedintermittent, doi = {10.1109/tra.2003.809590}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/tra.2003.809590}, year = {2003}, month = apr, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {19}, number = {2}, pages = {310--323}, author = {Jiang, Shengbing and Kumar, Ratnesh and Garcia, H.E.}, title = {Diagnosis of repeated/intermittent failures in discrete event systems}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems}, subsubarea = {Diagnosis} }
@article{jiang2003discrete-event, doi = {10.1109/tac.2003.809144}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2003.809144}, year = {2003}, month = mar, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {48}, number = {3}, pages = {369--381}, author = {Jiang, Shengbing and Kumar, Ratnesh and Garcia, H.E.}, title = {Optimal sensor selection for discrete-event systems with partial observation}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems}, subsubarea = {Diagnosis} }
@article{kumar2003optimizing, doi = {10.1109/tepm.2003.813002}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/tepm.2003.813002}, year = {2003}, month = jan, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {26}, number = {1}, pages = {14--21}, author = {Kumar, Ratnesh and Luo, Zhonghui}, title = {Optimizing the operation sequence of a chip placement machine using {TSP} model}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Electronics Packaging Manufacturing}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Control} }
@article{balduzzi2003hybrid, title = {Hybrid automata model of manufacturing systems and its optimal control subject to logical constraints}, author = {Balduzzi, Fabio and Kumar, Ratnesh and di Automatica, Dip}, journal = {International Journal of Hybrid Systems}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {61--80}, year = {2003}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ratnesh-Kumar-14/publication/228878829_Hybrid_automata_model_of_manufacturing_systems_and_its_optimal_control_subject_to_logical_constraints/links/00b7d52c5cacfd6911000000/Hybrid-automata-model-of-manufacturing-systems-and-its-optimal-control-subject-to-logical-constraints.pdf}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Control} }
Studies the supervisory control problem of nondeterministic discrete event systems with driven events in the setting of masked prioritized synchronous composition (MPSC). MPSC was extended from prioritized synchronous composition (PSC) by Kumar and Heymann (2000) in order to permit systems interaction with their environment via interface masks. They also studied the supervisory control problem under the assumption that the set of driven events was empty. In this paper, the aforementioned assumption is relaxed. We first derive relations among behaviors at different levels of the system. Next, we solve the supervisor synthesis problem for controlling the plant behavior as observed at the interface level. Finally, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of the supervisor for controlling the plant behavior as observed at the plant level. We establish a link between MPSC and PSC by showing that a supervisory control problem in the setting of MPSC can be transferred to a supervisory control problem in the setting of PSC under certain conditions.
@article{jiang2002supervised, author = {Jiang, Shengbing and Kumar, R.}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control}, title = {Supervisory control of nondeterministic discrete-event systems with driven events via masked prioritized synchronization}, year = {2002}, volume = {47}, number = {9}, pages = {1438-1449}, doi = {10.1109/TAC.2002.802768}, issn = {1558-2523}, month = sep, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems}, subsubarea = {Composition} }
@article{chandra2002occurrence, doi = {10.1076/mcmd.8.1.49.8338}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1076/mcmd.8.1.49.8338}, year = {2002}, month = mar, publisher = {Informa {UK} Limited}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {49--73}, author = {CHANDRA, V. and Kumar, Ratnesh}, title = {A Event Occurrence Rules based Compact Modeling Formalism for a Class of Discrete Event Systems}, journal = {Mathematical and Computer Modelling of Dynamical Systems}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems}, subsubarea = {Modeling} }
The analysis (verification, diagnosis, control, etc.) of discrete event systems requires a correct model of the system and of its specifications. In this paper, we present a new modeling formalism for generating valid models of complex systems. The class of systems this applies to is one which consists of signals that take binary values. The technique presented here makes the task of modeling considerably less cumbersome and less error-prone and is user-friendly. Another advantage of using this modeling formalism is that the size of the system model is polynomial in the number of signals, whereas the number of states in the automata models is exponential in the number of signals. We present automated techniques for deriving an automaton-based model from the model in the proposed formalism. We illustrate the modeling formalism using examples drawn from manufacturing systems and process control.
@article{chandra2001formalism, author = {Chandra, V. and Kumar, R.}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation}, title = {A discrete event systems modeling formalism based on event occurrence rules and precedences}, year = {2001}, volume = {17}, number = {6}, pages = {785-794}, doi = {10.1109/70.975991}, issn = {2374-958X}, month = dec, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems}, subsubarea = {Modeling} }
@article{kumar2001probabilistic, doi = {10.1109/9.917660}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/9.917660}, year = {2001}, month = apr, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {46}, number = {4}, pages = {593--606}, author = {Kumar, Ratnesh and Garg, V.K.}, title = {Control of stochastic discrete event systems modeled by probabilistic languages}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Stochastics} }
@article{jiang2001diagnosability, doi = {10.1109/9.940942}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/9.940942}, year = {2001}, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {46}, number = {8}, pages = {1318--1321}, author = {Jiang, Shengbing and Huang, Zhongdong and Chandra, V. and Kumar, Ratnesh}, title = {A polynomial algorithm for testing diagnosability of discrete-event systems}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems}, subsubarea = {Diagnosis} }
Extends the formalism of prioritized synchronous composition (PSC), proposed by Heymann for modeling interaction (and control) of discrete event systems, to permit system interaction with their environment via interface masks. This leads to the notion of masked prioritized synchronous composition (MPSC), which we formally define, MPSC can be used to model interaction of systems at single as well as multiple interfaces. We show that MPSC can alternatively be computed by "unmasking" the PSC of "masked" systems, thereby establishing a link between MPSC and PSC. We next prove that MPSC is associative and thus suitable for modeling and analysis of supervisory control of discrete event systems. Finally, we use MPSC of a discrete event plant and a supervisor for controlling the plant behavior and show (constructively) that under the absence of "driven" events, controllability together with normality of the given specification serve as conditions for the existence of a supervisor. This extends the results on supervisory control, which permits control and observation masks to be associated with the plant only.
@article{kumar2000masked, author = {Kumar, R. and Heymann, M.}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control}, title = {Masked prioritized synchronization for interaction and control of discrete event systems}, year = {2000}, volume = {45}, number = {11}, pages = {1970-1982}, doi = {10.1109/9.887621}, issn = {1558-2523}, month = nov }
A single maximally permissive and nonblocking supervisor to simultaneously fulfill several marked specifications pertaining to a single plant is investigated. Given a plant G and two marked specification languages K1 and K2, a supervisor S is said to be (K1,K2)-mutually nonblocking if (for i,j=1,2) Lm(G||S)∩Ki⊆Lm(G||S)∩Kj. This means that when the closed-loop system marks a trace of Ki, then it is always able to continue to a trace of Kj, also marked in the closed-loop system. Thus, the controlled system can execute traces within one specification while always being able to continue a trace of the other and hence not blocking the other specification. A complete, globally nonblocking and (K1,K2)-mutually nonblocking supervisor such that Lm(G||S)⊆K1∪K2 exists if and only if there exists a controllable mutually nonblocking sublanguage of the union of the specifications. There does exist a supremal such language. Furthermore, in the case that each specification is nonconflicting with respect to the prefix-closure of the other, this supremal language can be calculated by expressing it as the union of the supremal prefix-bounded sublanguages of the respective specifications. Finally, we show that the multiply nonblocking supervision of Thistle, Malhame, Hoang and Lafortune ((1997). Internal Report, Dept. de genie electrique et de genie informatique, Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal, Canada) is equivalent to globally and mutually nonblocking supervision.
@article{fabian2000mutual, title = {Mutually nonblocking supervisory control of discrete event systems}, journal = {Automatica}, volume = {36}, number = {12}, pages = {1863-1869}, year = {2000}, issn = {0005-1098}, doi = {10.1016/S0005-1098(00)00102-3}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005109800001023}, author = {Fabian, M. and Kumar, R.}, keywords = {Discrete event systems, Supervisory control theory, Formal languages, Modular specification, Mutually nonblocking languages, Nonconflicting languages}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems}, subsubarea = {Control} }
@article{kumar2000behavior-based, doi = {10.1109/3468.895899}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/3468.895899}, year = {2000}, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {30}, number = {6}, pages = {767--784}, author = {Kumar, Ratnesh and Stover, J.A.}, title = {A behavior-based intelligent control architecture with application to coordination of multiple underwater vehicles}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Control} }
@article{jiang2000specializations, doi = {10.1109/3477.875442}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/3477.875442}, year = {2000}, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {30}, number = {5}, pages = {653--660}, author = {Jiang, S. and Kumar, Ratnesh}, title = {Decentralized control of discrete event systems with specializations to local control and concurrent systems}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics)}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems}, subsubarea = {Control} }
1995-1999
@article{shayman1999object-oriented, doi = {10.1109/9.793725}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/9.793725}, year = {1999}, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {44}, number = {10}, pages = {1864--1869}, author = {Shayman, M.A. and Kumar, Ratnesh}, title = {Process objects/masked composition: an object-oriented approach for modeling and control of discrete-event systems}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems}, subsubarea = {Modeling} }
@article{garg1999discrete-event, doi = {10.1109/9.746254}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/9.746254}, year = {1999}, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {44}, number = {2}, pages = {280--293}, author = {Garg, V.K. and Kumar, Ratnesh and Marcus, S.I.}, title = {A probabilistic language formalism for stochastic discrete-event systems}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Stochastics} }
@article{kumar1998supervision, doi = {10.1016/s0005-1098(98)00077-6}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-1098%2898%2900077-6}, year = {1998}, month = nov, publisher = {Elsevier {BV}}, volume = {34}, number = {11}, pages = {1327--1344}, author = {Kumar, R. and Cheung, H. M. and Marcus, S. I.}, title = {Extension based Limited Lookahead Supervision of Discrete Event Systems}, journal = {Automatica}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems}, subsubarea = {Control} }
@article{kumar1998co-observability, doi = {10.1016/s0005-1098(97)00164-7}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-1098%2897%2900164-7}, year = {1998}, month = feb, publisher = {Elsevier {BV}}, volume = {34}, number = {2}, pages = {211--215}, author = {Kumar, Ratnesh and Shayman, Mark A.}, title = {Formulae relating controllability, observability, and co-observability}, journal = {Automatica}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems}, subsubarea = {Optimal Control} }
This paper presents a mixed integer linear programming formulation for load-side control of electrical energy demand. The formulation utilizes demand prediction to determine if control actions are necessary, and it schedules both shedding and restoration times based on an optimization model that minimizes the net cost of load shedding. Operational constraints are satisfied through the use of minimum/maximum uptimes/downtimes, which depend upon the current state of the system. The algorithm is evaluated using a simulation model of an underground coal mining operation where, (i) its performance is compared with a traditional static, priority-based, load-shedding schedule, and, (ii) its potential is established for producing net savings through demand control.
@article{luo1998milp, author = {Luo, Zhonghui and Kumar, Ratnesh and Sottile, Joseph and Yingling, Jon C.}, title = {An MILP formulation for load-side demand control}, journal = {Electric Machines \& Power Systems}, volume = {26}, number = {9}, pages = {935-949}, year = {1998}, publisher = {Taylor & Francis}, doi = {10.1080/07313569808955868}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/07313569808955868}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Control} }
@article{kumar1997nondeterministic, doi = {10.1137/s0363012994272903}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1137/s0363012994272903}, year = {1997}, month = mar, publisher = {Society for Industrial {\&} Applied Mathematics ({SIAM})}, volume = {35}, number = {2}, pages = {363--383}, author = {Kumar, Ratnesh and Shayman, Mark A.}, title = {Centralized and Decentralized Supervisory Control of Nondeterministic Systems Under Partial Observation}, journal = {SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems}, subsubarea = {Nondeterministic} }
@article{ratnesh1997conversion, title = {A discrete event systems approach for protocol conversion}, author = {Kumar, Ratnesh and Nelvagal, Sudhir and Marcus, Steven I}, journal = {Discrete Event Dynamic Systems}, volume = {7}, number = {3}, pages = {295--315}, year = {1997}, publisher = {Springer}, doi = {10.1023/A:1008258331497}, area = {Networks} }
@article{kumar1996input-output, doi = {10.1109/9.489649}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/9.489649}, year = {1996}, month = apr, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {41}, number = {4}, pages = {625--627}, author = {Kumar, Ratnesh and Garg, V.K. and Marcus, S.I.}, title = {Corrections to "Finite buffer realization of input-output discrete event systems"}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems}, subsubarea = {Modeling} }
Algorithms for computing a minimally restrictive control in the context of supervisory control of discrete-event systems have been well developed when both the plant and the desired behaviour are given as regular languages. In this paper the authors extend such prior results by presenting an algorithm for computing a minimally restrictive control when the plant behaviour is a deterministic Petri net language and the desired behaviour is a regular language. As part of the development of the algorithm, the authors establish the following results that are of independent interest: i) the problem of determining whether a given deterministic Petri net language is controllable with respect to another deterministic Petri net language is reducible to a reachability problem of Petri nets and ii) the problem of synthesizing the minimally restrictive supervisor so that the controlled system generates the supremal controllable sublanguage is reducible to a forbidden marking problem. In particular, the authors can directly identify the set of forbidden markings without having to construct any reachability tree.
@article{kumar1996petrinets, author = {Kumar, R. and Holloway, L.E.}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control}, title = {Supervisory control of deterministic Petri nets with regular specification languages}, year = {1996}, volume = {41}, number = {2}, pages = {245-249}, doi = {10.1109/9.481527}, issn = {1558-2523}, month = feb, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems}, subsubarea = {Infinite-behaviors} }
@article{kumar1996nondeterministic, doi = {10.1109/9.533677}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/9.533677}, year = {1996}, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {41}, number = {8}, pages = {1160--1175}, author = {Kumar, Ratnesh and Shayman, M.A.}, title = {Nonblocking supervisory control of nondeterministic systems via prioritized synchronization}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems}, subsubarea = {Nondeterministic} }
@article{kumar1995discrete-event, doi = {10.1109/9.388681}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/9.388681}, year = {1995}, month = jun, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {40}, number = {6}, pages = {1042--1053}, author = {Kumar, Ratnesh and Garg, V.K. and Marcus, S.I.}, title = {Finite buffer realization of input-output discrete-event systems}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems}, subsubarea = {Modeling} }
@article{kumar1995supervisory, doi = {10.1137/s0363012992235183}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1137/s0363012992235183}, year = {1995}, month = mar, publisher = {Society for Industrial {\&} Applied Mathematics ({SIAM})}, volume = {33}, number = {2}, pages = {419--439}, author = {Kumar, Ratnesh and Garg, Vijay K.}, title = {Optimal Supervisory Control of Discrete Event Dynamical Systems}, journal = {SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems}, subsubarea = {Optimal Control} }
@article{shayman1995nondeterministic, doi = {10.1137/s0363012992239600}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1137/s0363012992239600}, year = {1995}, month = mar, publisher = {Society for Industrial {\&} Applied Mathematics ({SIAM})}, volume = {33}, number = {2}, pages = {469--497}, author = {Shayman, Mark A. and Kumar, Ratnesh}, title = {Supervisory Control of Nondeterministic Systems with Driven Events via Prioritized Synchronization and Trajectory Models}, journal = {SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems}, subsubarea = {Nondeterministic} }
@article{KUMAR199567, title = {Extremal solutions of inequations over lattices with applications to supervisory control}, journal = {Theoretical Computer Science}, volume = {148}, number = {1}, pages = {67-92}, year = {1995}, issn = {0304-3975}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(94)00256-I}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/030439759400256I}, author = {Kumar, Ratnesh and Garg, Vijay K.} }
@article{kumar1995optimization, doi = {10.1109/96.475281}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/96.475281}, year = {1995}, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {18}, number = {4}, pages = {720--727}, author = {Kumar, Ratnesh and Li, Haomin}, title = {Integer programming approach to printed circuit board assembly time optimization}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging, and Manufacturing Technology: Part B}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems}, subsubarea = {Control} }
The supervisory control of nondeterministic discrete event dynamical systems (DEDSs) with driven events in the setting of prioritized synchronization and trajectory models introduced by Heymann are studied. Prioritized synchronization captures the notions of controllable, uncontrollable, and driven events in a natural way, and the authors use it for constructing supervisory controllers. The trajectory model is used for characterizing the behavior of nondeterministic DEDSs since it is a sufficiently detailed model (in contrast to the less detailed language or failures models), and serves as a language congruence with respect to the operation of prioritized synchronization. Results concerning controllability and observability in this general setting are obtained.
@article{a1995nondeterministic, author = {Shayman, Mark A. and Kumar, Ratnesh}, title = {Supervisory Control of Nondeterministic Systems with Driven Events via Prioritized Synchronization and Trajectory Models}, journal = {SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization}, volume = {33}, number = {2}, pages = {469-497}, year = {1995}, doi = {10.1137/S0363012992239600}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1137/S0363012992239600}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems}, subsubarea = {Nondeterminism} }
1990-1994
@article{250512, author = {Kumar, R. and Garg, V. and Marcus, S.I.}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control}, title = {Predicates and predicate transformers for supervisory control of discrete event dynamical systems}, year = {1993}, volume = {38}, number = {2}, pages = {232-247}, keywords = {Transformers;Supervisory control;Discrete event systems;State-space methods;Control systems;Equations;Controllability;Observability;Orbital robotics;Manufacturing}, doi = {10.1109/9.250512} }
@article{doi:10.1137/0331061, author = {Kumar, Ratnesh and Garg, Vijay and Marcus, Steven I.}, title = {Language Stability and Stabilizability of Discrete Event Dynamical Systems}, journal = {SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization}, volume = {31}, number = {5}, pages = {1294-1320}, year = {1993}, doi = {10.1137/0331061}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1137/0331061}, eprint = { https://doi.org/10.1137/0331061} }
@article{kumar1993observability, author = {Kumar, R.}, title = {Formulas for observability of discrete event dynamical systems}, journal = {Proc. 1993 Conf. Inf. Sci. Syst.}, year = {1993}, pages = {581-586}, url = {https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1571698599609904384} }
@article{182487, author = {Kumar, R. and Garg, V. and Marcus, S.I.}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control}, title = {On supervisory control of sequential behaviors}, year = {1992}, volume = {37}, number = {12}, pages = {1978-1985}, keywords = {Supervisory control;Polynomials;Power cables;Sufficient conditions;Distributed computing;Stability criteria;Control system synthesis;Contracts;Military computing}, doi = {10.1109/9.182487} }
@article{kumar1992supervisory, doi = {10.1109/9.182487}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/9.182487}, year = {1992}, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}, volume = {37}, number = {12}, pages = {1978--1985}, author = {Kumar, Ratnesh and Garg, V. and Marcus, S.I.}, title = {On supervisory control of sequential behaviors}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems}, subsubarea = {Infinite-behaviors} }
@article{KUMAR1991157, title = {On controllability and normality of discrete event dynamical systems}, journal = {Systems {\&} Control Letters}, volume = {17}, number = {3}, pages = {157-168}, year = {1991}, issn = {0167-6911}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6911(91)90061-I}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/016769119190061I}, author = {Kumar, Ratnesh and Garg, Vijay and Marcus, Steven I.}, keywords = {Discrete event system, supervisory control, synchronous composition, supremal controllable, supremal normal languages} }
@article{kumar1991techniques, author = {Kumar, R.}, title = {Optimal Control of Discrete Event Dynamical Systems Using Network Flow Techniques}, journal = {Proc. 29th Annual Allerton Conf. on Communication, Control and Computing}, year = {1991}, pages = {705-714}, url = {https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1571135649592433536} }
This paper studies the stability and stabilizability of Discrete Event Dynamical Systems (DEDS’s) in the framework of Ramadge and Wonham. We define stability and stabilizability in terms of the behavior of the DEDS’s, i. e. the language generated by the state machines (SM’s) used to model the DEDS. The notions of stability and stabilizability of DEDS’s are presented in a more general setting than in earlier works where they were defined in terms of legal and illegal states rather than strings. The notion of revarsal of languages is used to obtain algorithms for determining the stability and stabilizability of a given system. We also present an algorithm of linear complexity for computing the regions of attraction which is used for determining the stability and stabilizability of a given system defined in terms of legal states. This algorithm is then used to obtain more efficient tests of sufficiency of stability and stabilizability of systems defined in terms of languages.
@article{garg1991stability-des, title = {Stability of Discrete Event System Behavior}, journal = {IFAC Proceedings Volumes}, volume = {24}, number = {5}, pages = {17-22}, year = {1991}, note = {IFAC Symposium on Distributed Intelligence Systems, Arlington, VA, USA, 13-15 August 1991}, issn = {1474-6670}, doi = {10.1016/S1474-6670(17)51217-3}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1474667017512173}, author = {Kumar, R. and Garg, V.K. and Marcus, S.I.}, keywords = {Discrete Event Dynamical System, Supervisory Control, Stability, Stabilizability} }
@article{brandt1990controllable, doi = {10.1016/0167-6911(90)90004-e}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6911%2890%2990004-e}, year = {1990}, month = aug, publisher = {Elsevier {BV}}, volume = {15}, number = {2}, pages = {111--117}, author = {Brandt, R.D. and Garg, V. and Kumar, Ratnesh and Lin, F. and Marcus, S.I. and Wonham, W.M.}, title = {Formulas for calculating supremal controllable and normal sublanguages}, journal = {Systems {\&} Control Letters}, area = {Cyber-Physical Systems}, subarea = {Discrete Event Systems}, subsubarea = {Optimal Control} }